TallSheep

Cuba, Flag Of

2005-04-04T07:57:00.000-07:00

In the 19th century in New York City, anti-Spanish Cuban exiles under the leadership of Narciso López adopted a flag suggested by the poet Miguel Teurbe Tolón. His design, which later became the national flag, incorporated three blue stripes representing the three military districts of Spanish-dominated Cuba and two white stripes symbolizing the purity of the patriot

Amphibolite Facies

2005-04-04T06:07:00.000-07:00

One of the major divisions of the mineral-facies classification of metamorphic rocks, the rocks of which formed under conditions of moderate to high temperatures (500° C, or about 950° F, maximum) and pressures. Less intense temperatures and pressures form rocks of the epidote-amphibolite facies, and more intense temperatures and pressures form rocks of the granulite facies.

Pacific Mountain System, Soils

2005-04-03T20:11:00.000-07:00

In the Pacific mountain system are found all of the 11 orders of soils, of which three are most abundant. Inceptisols dominate in the coastal ranges from the Queen Charlotte Islands south to San Francisco Bay and in the Cascade Range. They have weakly differentiated horizons (layers), are little altered from their parent material, and occur where summers are cool. The

Lancisi, Giovanni Maria

2005-04-02T20:10:00.000-08:00

Lancisi graduated in medicine from the University of Rome at age 18. He was appointed physician to Pope Innocent XI in 1688 and subsequently was physician to Popes Innocent XII and Clement XI. Lancisi's monographs on influenza, cattle plague (rinderpest), and

Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron

2005-04-01T10:45:00.000-08:00

Strutt suffered from poor health

Monaco, Flag Of

2005-04-01T09:35:00.000-08:00

The complex princely

Ogoja

2005-03-31T11:01:00.000-08:00

Town, Cross River state, southeastern Nigeria, on the road from Abakaliki. A major trade centre (yams, cassava, corn [maize], rice, palm oil and kernels, kola nuts), it is mainly inhabited by the Ekoi peoples. Ogoja is the headquarters of a local government council and the site of a teacher-training college, a secondary school, and several hospitals and clinics. Pop. (1982 est.) 22,020.

Anastatic Printing

2005-03-31T07:46:00.000-08:00

Also called relief etching a technique of printmaking from a plate on which all but the design to be printed is etched away, leaving the design in relief. In zinc etching, the most popular anastatic process, the design is painted on a zinc plate in asphalt varnish and the uncoated portions of the plate are bitten away by a solution. The process is best known as that in which the English poet and artist

Muravyov, Mikhail Nikolayevich, Graf

2005-03-30T16:52:00.000-08:00

Muravyov was the grandson of Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov, known as the “hangman of Wilno” for his

Middle America Trench

2005-03-29T09:48:00.000-08:00

Submarine depression in the Pacific Ocean off the western coast of Central America. Extending northwest-southeast for more than 1,700 miles (2,750 km) from central Mexico to Costa Rica, the trench reaches a maximum depth of 21,880 feet (6,669 m) and covers a total area of 37,000 square miles (96,000 square km). The shallower northern section of the trench tends to curve along the coast of Mexico, paralleling

Mignet, François

2005-03-29T03:21:00.000-08:00

Educated at Avignon, Mignet became professor there in 1815; he returned to Aix for his law studies and was called to the bar in 1818. His first work, the Essai sur les institutions de Saint Louis, was acclaimed by the Academy of Inscriptions

Alkaptonuria

2005-03-28T00:44:00.000-08:00

Rather rare (one in 200,000 births) inherited disorder of protein metabolism characterized by an inability of the body to metabolize the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine. In the normal metabolic pathway of tyrosine, homogentisic acid is converted to maleylacetoacetate in the liver by the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. This enzyme is not active in individuals

Wandjina Style

2005-03-27T05:59:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Wondjina, type of depiction in Australian cave paintings of figures that represent mythological beings associated with the creation of the world. Called wandjina figures, the images are believed by modern Aborigines to have been painted by the Wondjinas, prehistoric inhabitants of the Kimberley region in northwest Australia, the only area where cave paintings in the

France, History Of, Liberation

2005-03-26T07:10:00.000-08:00

When the Allied forces landed in Normandy on June 6, 1944, the armed underground units had grown large enough to play an important role in the battles that followed—harassing the German forces and sabotaging railways and bridges. As the Germans gradually fell back, local Resistance organizations took over town halls and prefectures from Vichy incumbents. De Gaulle's

United States, The Jeffersonian Republicans in power

2005-03-25T17:53:00.000-08:00

By the start of Jefferson's second term in office, Europe was engulfed in the Napoleonic Wars. The United States remained neutral, but both Britain and France imposed various orders and decrees severely restricting American trade with Europe and confiscated American ships for violating the new rules. Britain also conducted impressment raids in which U.S. citizens were sometimes seized. Unable to agree to treaty terms with Britain, Jefferson tried to coerce both Britain and France into ceasing to violate “neutral rights” with a total embargo on American exports, enacted by Congress in 1807. The results were catastrophic for American commerce and produced bitter alienation in New England, where the embargo (written backward as “O grab me”) was held to be a Southern plot to destroy New England's wealth. In 1809, shortly after Madison was elected president, the embargo act was repealed.

Catalan Language

2005-03-25T01:54:00.000-08:00

Catalan Català Romance language spoken in eastern and northeastern Spain, chiefly in Catalonia and Valencia. It is also spoken in the Roussillon region of France, in Andorra, and in the Balearic Isles. The official language of the kingdom of Aragon in the 12th century, Catalan has a literary tradition dating from that period. The earliest written materials date from the 12th century.

Obrecht, Jakob

2005-03-24T09:42:00.000-08:00

He was the son of Willem Obrecht, a trumpeter. His first known appointment was in 1484 as instructor

Scandinavian Literature, Danish literature

2005-03-23T09:36:00.000-08:00

Denmark's first literature appeared in the runic inscriptions scratched on stone or carved in metal, mainly epitaphs of warriors, kings, and priests that occasionally had short, unrhymed alliterative verses in the Viking spirit. Runic inscriptions were used in Denmark from about 250, but most of those preserved date from 800 to 1100. With the introduction of Christianity, Latin

Harrison, Caroline

2005-03-22T21:37:00.000-08:00

Four years later her husband married Mary Dimmick. Rumours circulated about when the romance had begun, and when Benjamin died in 1901 his children, who were never reconciled to the second marriage, buried him beside Caroline.

Yui Shosetsu

2005-03-22T16:38:00.000-08:00

A famous military teacher in the Japanese capital of Edo (now Tokyo), Yui gained a large following among the local ronin

Aldington, Richard

2005-03-21T06:49:00.000-08:00

Educated at Dover College and London University, Aldington early attracted attention through his volumes of Imagist verse (see Imagists). In 1913 he married Hilda

Theatricalism

2005-03-21T04:44:00.000-08:00

In the theatricalists' view, to turn one's back on naturalism was to draw inspiration from the spirit

Calendar Of 2000

2005-03-20T19:57:00.000-08:00

TV Breizh, the first television channel to

Auch

2005-03-19T04:51:00.000-08:00

Town, capital of Gers département, Midi-Pyrénées région, southwestern France. Auch is built on and around a hill on the west bank of the Gers River, west of Toulouse. The capital of the Celtiberian tribe of Ausci, it became important in Roman Gaul as Elimberris and, after Christianity was established, became the metropolis of Novempopulani. In 732, to protect against Muslim

Spain

2005-03-18T19:03:00.000-08:00

Officially Kingdom of Spain , Spanish España or Reino de España country located in the extreme southwest of the European continent. It occupies about 85 percent of the Iberian Peninsula, which it shares with its smaller neighbour, Portugal. Spain is bordered on the west by Portugal; in the northeast it borders France, from which it is separated by the tiny principality of Andorra and by the great wall of the Pyrenees Mountains. Spain's

Nagy, Imre

2005-03-18T13:22:00.000-08:00

Born to a peasant family, Nagy was apprenticed as a locksmith before being drafted in World War I. Captured by the Russians, he joined

Liqueur

2005-03-18T05:59:00.000-08:00

The word liqueur is derived from the Latin liquefacere,

Lord Chief Justice

2005-03-17T21:49:00.000-08:00

In England and Wales, the head of the Queen's (or King's) Bench Division of the High Court of Justice and next in rank to the lord chancellor. Appointed by the crown on the nomination of the prime minister, he usually presides over the Court of Criminal Appeal and is an ex officio member of the Court of Appeal. He is invariably raised to the peerage on appointment and so is able

Smith, Seba

2005-03-17T11:06:00.000-08:00

A graduate of Bowdoin College, Smith founded (1829) the Portland Courier, in which the Major's fictional letters first appeared in January 1830, continuing later in the National Intelligencer until July 1853. Major Jack was a common man magnified as oracle, a Yankee

Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovitch

2005-03-16T19:36:00.000-08:00

Russian-American sociologist who founded the department of sociology at Harvard University in 1930. In the history of sociological theory, he is important for distinguishing two kinds of sociocultural systems: “sensate” (empirical, dependent on and encouraging natural sciences) and “ideational” (mystical, anti-intellectual, dependent

Chicago Literary Renaissance

2005-03-16T04:17:00.000-08:00

The flourishing of literary activity in Chicago during the period from approximately 1912 to 1925. The leading writers of this renaissance—Theodore Dreiser, Sherwood Anderson, Edgar Lee Masters, and Carl Sandburg—realistically depicted the contemporary urban environment, decrying the loss of traditional rural values in the increasingly industrialized and materialistic

Fischer Von Erlach, Johann Bernhard

2005-03-15T20:20:00.000-08:00

Austrian architect, sculptor, and architectural historian whose Baroque style, a synthesis of classical, Renaissance, and southern Baroque elements, shaped the tastes of the Habsburg empire. Fischer's works include the Dreifaltigkeitskirche (1694–1702) and the Kollegienkirche (1696–1707), both in Salzburg, and the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene of Savoy

Acuff, Roy

2005-03-14T10:02:00.000-08:00

Turning his attention to music after an aborted baseball career, Acuff gained

Allegheny

2005-03-14T08:20:00.000-08:00

County, southwestern Pennsylvania, U.S., consisting of a hilly region on the Allegheny Plateau bounded to the southeast by the Monongahela and Youghiogheny rivers and to the northeast by the Allegheny River. The Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongahela rivers converge in the centre of the county to form an area known as the Golden Triangle; this was a strategic point of contention

Chicago Literary Renaissance

2005-03-14T01:59:00.000-08:00

Small to medium-sized herbivorous dinosaurs that flourished about 115 million to 110 million years ago during the Early Cretaceous Period. Hypsilophodon was up to 2 metres (6.5 feet) long and weighed about 60 kg (130 pounds). It had short arms with five fingers on each hand and was equipped with much longer four-toed hind feet. In its mouth was a set of high, grooved, self-sharpening cheek

Quadratic Equation

2005-03-13T21:39:00.000-08:00

The discriminant b2 - 4ac gives information

Loren, Sophia

2005-03-13T20:52:00.000-08:00

Before working in the cinema, Sofia Scicolone changed her name to Sofia Lazzaro for work in the foto-romanzo, popular pulp magazines that used still photographs

Biblical Literature, The rise and fall of Saul

2005-03-13T10:45:00.000-08:00

The man selected to become the first monarchical ruler of Israel was Saul, son of Kish, a wealthy Benjamite landowner. Because Kish had lost some donkeys, Saul was sent in search of them. Unsuccessful in his search, he went to the seer-prophet Samuel at Ramah. In the early source, from which this narrative comes, he did not know Samuel's name. The day before Saul went to Ramah,

D'urban, Sir Benjamin

2005-03-10T20:51:00.000-08:00

As a soldier D'Urban began his service in 1793 and fought in the Napoleonic Wars, where he won distinction in the Peninsular War as a quartermaster general. In 1820 D'Urban was

Biblical Literature, Oracles of hope

2005-03-10T20:21:00.000-08:00

In the third section, chapters 33–48, Ezekiel proclaimed, in oracles that have become imprinted in theological discourse and folk songs, the hope that lies in the faith that God cares for his people and will restore them to a state of wholeness. As the good shepherd, God will feed his flock and will “seek the lost,” “bring back the strayed,” “bind up the crippled,” and “strengthen the

Dubois, (françois-clément-) Théodore

2005-03-10T08:17:00.000-08:00

He studied under the cathedral organist at Rheims and at the Paris Conservatoire. In 1871 he succeeded César Franck as organist at the church of Sainte-Clotilde. In 1868 he was choirmaster at the Church of the Madeleine and later succeeded

Acupuncture

2005-03-10T03:23:00.000-08:00

Acupuncture grew out

Avempace

2005-03-09T09:32:00.000-08:00

Avempace's chief philosophical tenets seem to have included belief in the possibility that the human soul could become united with the Divine. This

Vajiravudh

2005-03-09T06:10:00.000-08:00

Vajiravudh was educated at Oxford University, where he read history and law; he also received military training at Sandhurst and served briefly with the British Army. Having been named heir apparent in 1895, he returned to Siam in 1903 and succeeded

Yurt

2005-03-08T18:47:00.000-08:00

Also spelled yurta , Mongol ger tentlike Central Asian nomad's dwelling, erected on wooden poles and covered with skin, felt, or handwoven textiles in bright colours. The interior is simply furnished with brightly coloured rugs (red often predominating) decorated with geometric or stylized animal patterns. The knotted pile rug, first known from a nomad burial at the foot of the Altai Mountains

Malanje

2005-03-08T17:25:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Malange, town, north-central Angola. The town developed in the mid-19th century as an important feira (open-air market) on the country's principal plateau, between Luanda, now the national capital, 250 miles (400 km) to the west and the Kwango valley, inhabited by the Mbundu people, 125 miles (200 km) to the east. Situated at an elevation of 4,373 feet (1,333 m), the town has a high-altitude tropical climate. The environs

Cytology

2005-03-07T11:04:00.000-08:00

The study of cells as fundamental units of living things. The earliest phase of cytology began with the English scientist Robert Hooke's microscopic investigations of cork in 1665. He observed dead cork cells and introduced the term “cell” to describe them. In the 19th century two Germans, the botanist Matthias Schleiden (in 1838) and the biologist Theodor Schwann (in 1839), were among

Wabana

2005-03-07T05:56:00.000-08:00

Town, southeastern Newfoundland, Canada, just northwest of St. John's, on Bell Island in Conception Bay. Located in the centre of one of the world's richest deposits of red hematite iron ore, the town grew after the beginning of mining operations in 1895 and had a population of more than 8,000 in 1961. But because of marketing problems and the high phosphorus content of the ore, mining operations

Moss

2005-03-07T02:37:00.000-08:00

(class Bryopsida, or Musci), any of at least 10,000 species of small, spore-bearing land plants (division Bryophyta) distributed throughout the world except in salt water. Valvate mosses constitute the subclass Andreaeidae, and peat mosses compose the subclass Sphagnidae. The large subclass Bryidae constitutes most species of mosses, but the subclass Polytrichidae

Marsh Cress

2005-03-06T00:08:00.000-08:00

Also called Yellow Cress, any of the 70 plant species of the genus Rorippa of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Most members of the genus are found in the Northern Hemisphere. The genus has at times been included with the genera Nasturtium and Radicula. Iceland watercress, or marsh yellow cress (R. islandica, sometimes Nasturtium palustre), grows, like others of the genus, in marshy ground. It bears

Anquetil-duperron, A(braham)-h(yacinthe)

2005-03-05T19:14:00.000-08:00

At the University of Paris, Anquetil mastered Hebrew as his first Eastern language; later, he added Persian and

Bagirmi, Kingdom Of

2005-03-05T03:52:00.000-08:00

Bagirmi also spelled Baguirmi, historic African state founded in the 16th century in the region just southeast of Lake Chad. Europeans first learned about the existence of Bagirmi and the other powerful states of central Africa (Wadai Bornu-Kanem) when Dixon Denham penetrated the Lake Chad region in 1823. Details became known particularly from written records of the later explorers Heinrich Barth

Baha'i Faith

2005-03-04T17:45:00.000-08:00

Religion founded in Iran in the mid-19th century by Mirza Hoseyn 'Ali Nuri, who is known as Baha' Ullah (Arabic: “Glory of God”). The cornerstone of Baha'i belief is the conviction that Baha' Ullah and his forerunner, who was known as the Bab, were manifestations of God, who in his essence is unknowable. The principal Baha'i tenets are the essential unity of all religions and the unity of humanity.

Saiki

2005-03-04T11:26:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Saeki, city, Oita ken (prefecture), Kyushu, Japan, facing Saiki Bay. It developed as a castle town on the small delta of the Banjo River during the Muromachi era (1338–1573) and came into the possession of the Mori daimyo family in 1601. Because of its good harbour, Saiki was selected for a base of the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1933. After World War II most of the military facilities were converted to industrial

Animal Disease

2005-03-03T20:06:00.000-08:00

Concern with diseases that afflict animals dates from the earliest human contacts with animals and is reflected in early views of religion and magic. Diseases of animals remain a concern principally because of the economic losses they cause and the possible transmission

Ash Wednesday

2005-03-02T02:56:00.000-08:00

In the Christian church, the first day of Lent, occurring 6 1/2 weeks before Easter (between February 4 and March 11, depending on the date of Easter). In the early Christian church, the length of the Lenten celebration varied, but eventually it began 6 weeks (42 days) before Easter. This provided only 36 days of fast (excluding Sundays). In the 7th century, 4 days were added before the first Sunday

Automata Theory, Classification by semi-groups

2005-03-01T05:49:00.000-08:00

A mathematically significant classification of transducers may be obtained in terms of the theory of semi-groups. In outline, if the transducer T is reduced, the functions fs given in terms of M, for fixed input, as maps from and to the space of states Q constitute a semi-group termed the semi-group of T (see 14). By a certain procedure these semi-groups and their associated transducers

Gate Theatre

2005-02-28T19:51:00.000-08:00

Dublin dramatic company, founded in 1928 by Hilton Edwards and Micheál MacLiammóir, whose repertoire included works from many periods and countries, unlike that of the established Abbey Theatre. From 1928 to 1930 the Gate Theatre made its home at the Peacock, then moved to its own building. The Abbey and the Irish National Theatre Society had provided a stage for national playwrights

Hou I

2005-02-28T19:22:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Hou Yi, the Lord Archer of Chinese mythology, whose prowess with a bow earned him undying fame. With his bow and arrow he saved the moon during an eclipse and rescued the country from a variety of plagues, one of which involved a wind monster who was wreaking havoc across the land. Hou I is also said to have shot down 9 of 10 suns (one account says 8 of 9 suns) that were burning up the earth

Bonaparte, Lucien

2005-02-28T10:50:00.000-08:00

Educated in France, Lucien returned to Corsica in 1789 and became an outspoken speaker in the Jacobin Club at Ajaccio. He urged his brothers to break with the Corsican

Hokuriku

2005-02-27T11:41:00.000-08:00

Industrial region, west-central Honshu, Japan, lying along the Sea of Japan. It is neither an administrative nor a political entity. The northeastern portion of the area, occupying parts of Niigata and Toyama ken (prefectures), specializes in heavy and chemical industries and has close economic ties with the Keihin (Tokyo-Yokohama) Industrial Zone. The southwestern

Frederick Iii (or Ii)

2005-02-27T07:29:00.000-08:00

Appointed regent of Sicily by his brother, James II of Aragon, in 1291, Frederick was elected king by the Sicilian parliament (Dec. 11, 1295), to prevent the island's return to the rule of the Angevin Charles II of Naples; he was crowned on March 25, 1296. To revive the Ghibelline

Ramapithecus

2005-02-26T08:29:00.000-08:00

The first Ramapithecus fossils (fragments of an upper jaw and some teeth) were discovered in 1932 in fossil deposits in the Siwalik hills of northern India. No significance was attached

Abdul-jabbar, Kareem

2005-02-26T03:02:00.000-08:00

Alcindor played for Power Memorial Academy (at 6 feet 8 inches) on the varsity for four years, and his total of 2,067 points set a New York City high school record. He entered the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1965 and set a UCLA

Carte, Richard D'oyly

2005-02-25T06:41:00.000-08:00

Originally a composer, Carte became a music manager, representing the French composer Charles Gounod. After commissioning Gilbert

Taboga Island

2005-02-24T09:36:00.000-08:00

Spanish Isla Taboga, island in the Bay of Panama, Panama. Taboga and its small neighbour, Taboguilla Island, lie 11 miles (18 km) south of Panama City, with which they are connected by boat service. Taboga, about 2 miles (3 km) long and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, is known for its pineapples and mangoes and is a year-round tourist resort. Visitors are attracted by its church, one of the oldest in the Western Hemisphere, by

Affix

2005-02-24T07:05:00.000-08:00

A grammatical element that is combined with a word, stem, or phrase to produce derived and inflected forms. There are three types of affixes: prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. A prefix occurs at the beginning of a word or stem (sub-mit, pre-determine, un-willing); a suffix at the end (wonder-ful, depend-ent, act-ion); and an infix occurs in the middle. English has no infixes, but they are

Bottle

2005-02-24T00:19:00.000-08:00

Although early bottles were made from such materials as gourds and animal skins, glass eventually became the major material employed.

Empiricism

2005-02-23T20:58:00.000-08:00

The earliest expressions of Empiricism in ancient Greek philosophy were those of the Sophists. In reaction to them Plato presented the Rationalistic view that man has only “opinion” about changing, perceptible, existing things in space and time; that “knowledge” can be had only of timeless, necessary truths; and that the objects of knowledge—the unchanging and imperceptible

Wage And Salary

2005-02-23T08:06:00.000-08:00

Analyses of economic distribution appear in David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817, reissued 1981), the classical subsistence theory of wages; Karl Marx, Capital, vol. 1 (1886; originally published in German, 1867), also available in many later editions, treating the process of distribution as pure conflict; John Bates Clark, Distribution of Wealth (1899, reissued 1965), the classic work on marginal productivity theory whereby distribution is viewed as a harmonious process in which the factors of production receive as income what they contribute to the product; Frank H. Knight, Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit (1921, reprinted 1985), an analysis of profits viewed as a result of imperfect foresight and as a remuneration for risk-bearing; Joseph Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development (1934, reprinted 1987; originally published in German, 1912), an analysis of economic development as a result of the innovations of entrepreneurs motivated by profit; Paul H. Douglas, The Theory of Wages (1934, reissued 1964), marginalist theory based on statistical research which sets forth the famous Cobb–Douglas function; K.J. Arrow et al., “Capital–Labor Substitution and Economic Efficiency,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 43:225–250 (1961), an econometric study explaining the falling share of capital in the national income by the elasticity of substitution; J.R. Hicks, The Theory of Wages, 2nd ed. (1963, reissued 1973), a sophisticated treatment of marginal productivity theory; and Nicholas Kaldor, “Alternative Theories of Distribution,” in his Essays on Value and Distribution, 2nd ed. (1980), a discussion of various theories from Ricardo to Keynes. Dan Usher, The Economic Prerequisite to Democracy (1981), suggests that democracy requires broad agreement on how an economic system will distribute wealth. Other works in this area are Alan S. Blinder, Toward an Economic Theory of Income Distribution (1974); and Ronald G. Ehrenberg and Robert S. Smith, Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy, 5th ed. (1994).

Pietas

2005-02-22T14:08:00.000-08:00

In Roman religion, personification of a respectful and faithful attachment to gods, country, and relatives, especially parents. Pietas had a temple at Rome, dedicated in 181 BC, and was often represented on coins as a female figure carrying a palm branch and a sceptre or as a matron casting incense upon an altar, sometimes accompanied by a stork, the symbol of filial piety.

Ahlin, Lars

2005-02-22T08:31:00.000-08:00

The early novel Tåbb med manifestet (1943; “Tåbb with the Manifesto”) presents many of the central ideas of Ahlin's writings. In it, a young proletarian finds the Communist ideology unsatisfactory, rejects the notion of social rather than individual value, and reaches a better understanding of himself

Syriac Alphabet

2005-02-21T15:35:00.000-08:00

Writing system used by the Syriac Christians from the 1st century AD until about the 14th century. A Semitic alphabet, Syriac was an offshoot of a cursive Aramaic script. It had 22 letters, all representing consonants, and was generally written from right to left, although occasionally vertically downward. Diacritical marks to represent vowels were introduced in the 8th

Incidental Music

2005-02-21T14:20:00.000-08:00

Music written to accompany or point up the action or mood of a dramatic performance on stage, film, radio, television, or recording; to serve as a transition between parts of the action; or to introduce or close the performance. Because it is written to enhance a nonmusical medium, most incidental music makes little impression on public taste. But some incidental music

France, History Of, Louis XVIII, 181524

2005-02-21T05:45:00.000-08:00

King Louis XVIII's second return from exile was far from glorious. Neither the victorious powers nor Louis's French subjects viewed his restoration with much enthusiasm, yet there seemed to be no ready alternative to Bourbon rule. The allies avenged themselves for the Hundred Days by writing a new and more severe Treaty of Paris. France lost several frontier territories,

Charles, Ray

2005-02-20T08:02:00.000-08:00

When Charles was an infant his family moved to Greenville, Florida, and he

Mayo, Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl Of, Viscount Mayo Of Monycrower, Baron Naas Of Naas

2005-02-19T14:57:00.000-08:00

The eldest son of the 5th earl, Richard Bourke spent 1838–39 traveling in Europe

Annamese Cordillera

2005-02-19T05:01:00.000-08:00

French Chaîne Annamitique , Vietnamese Giai Truong Son principal mountain range of Indochina and the watershed between the Mekong River and the South China Sea. It extends parallel to the coast in a gentle curve generally northwest-southeast, forming the boundary between Laos and Vietnam. A fairly continuous range for about 700 miles (1,100 km), its rather precipitous eastern slopes leave a narrow coastal plain. Although its

Allégret, Yves

2005-02-18T11:54:00.000-08:00

Allégret began his film career working as an assistant to his older brother, the director Marc Allégret, and for Augusto Genina and Jean Renoir. Entering films during the 1930s and working with directors involved in the avant-garde

Scaliger, Julius Caesar

2005-02-18T09:37:00.000-08:00

Scaliger became known as a scholar through

Kazanluk

2005-02-17T23:23:00.000-08:00

Greek Seuthopolis, town, central Bulgaria. It lies in the Kazanluk basin, 2 miles (3 km) north of the Tundzha River. The area is famous for its roses, which are made into attar of roses for the perfume industry. This industry, which developed in the 17th century, now uses approximately 20,000 acres (8,000 hectares) and includes the growing of lavender, peppermint, and pyrethrum. The town is an ancient craft centre;

F-4

2005-02-16T03:14:00.000-08:00

Also called Phantom Ii, two-seat, twin-engine jet fighter built by the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation (later the McDonnell-Douglas Corporation) for the United States and many other countries. The first F-4 was delivered to the U.S. Navy in 1960 and to the Air Force in 1963. By the time it went out of production in 1979, more that 5,000 Phantoms had been built, and it had become one of the most successful fighter aircraft

Polio Vaccine

2005-02-16T01:03:00.000-08:00

Preparation of poliomyelitis virus given to prevent infection with the disease. The virus is grown in kidney tissue from rhesus monkeys. There are two types of vaccine: one with killed virus, which is injected, and the other with live, attenuated (weakened) virus, which is given orally. Vaccines, whether killed or live, must contain strains of all of the three poliovirus

Tasmania, Flag Of

2005-02-15T19:32:00.000-08:00

The first official local flags of Tasmania, ordered by Governor Frederick Aloysius Weld, were published in the colony's gazette on November 9, 1875. The usual British Blue Ensign and Red Ensign (for use respectively by government vessels and by those privately owned) were to have a white cross added. At the fly end of each flag a Southern Cross was to be formed of white stars

Wild, Jonathan

2005-02-15T16:09:00.000-08:00

Married while in his teens, Wild at about the age of 21 deserted his wife and child for the life of London, where he quickly learned the criminal trade while held in a debtors' prison. He was a master

Falkland Current

2005-02-15T13:52:00.000-08:00

Branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Southern Hemisphere, flowing northward in the South Atlantic Ocean along the east coast of Argentina to about latitude 30° to 40° S, where it is deflected eastward after meeting the southward-flowing Brazil Current. Characterized by cold temperatures varying from 41° to 66° F (5° to 19° C), the current has a relatively low salinity averaging

Gravesend

2005-02-14T16:26:00.000-08:00

The discovery of the skull of Swanscombe man near Gravesend dates early settlement in the area to the Second Interglacial Period (about 200,000 years ago). Gravesend is mentioned in Domesday Book (1086) as Gravesham, possessing a hithe

Cart

2005-02-13T14:15:00.000-08:00

Two-wheeled vehicle drawn by a draft animal, used throughout recorded history by numerous societies for the transportation of freight, agricultural produce, refuse, and people. The cart, usually drawn by a single animal, is known to have been in use by the Greeks and the Assyrians by 1800 BC (although it is generally assumed that such vehicles could have been used as early as

Dominoes

2005-02-13T08:49:00.000-08:00

The face of each piece is divided, by a line or ridge, into two squares, each of which is marked as would be a pair of dice, except that some squares are blank

Husband, Rick D.

2005-02-13T05:56:00.000-08:00

American astronaut (b. July 12, 1957, Amarillo, Texas—d. Feb. 1, 2003, over Texas), was commander of the space shuttle Columbia's mission. Husband was educated at Texas Tech University and at California State University at Fresno, where he earned a master's degree in 1990. He joined the U.S. Air Force in 1980. In 1999 he flew on the Discovery on the first space shuttle mission to dock with the International Space

Western Australia

2005-02-13T00:26:00.000-08:00

Paustovsky, Konstantin Georgiyevich

2005-02-11T18:01:00.000-08:00

A descendant of Ukrainian Cossacks, Paustovsky attended school in Kiev, St. Petersburg, and Odessa. Before he began to write, he worked at various jobs; he also traveled a good deal, both in

Ski Patrol

2005-02-11T10:21:00.000-08:00

Group of paid or volunteer workers at ski resorts whose primary function is to promote skiing safety and provide first aid for injured skiers. Ski patrolmen are proficient skiers trained in first aid and cold weather rescue and survival techniques. One of the largest such organizations in the world is the National Ski Patrol System of the United States, founded

Gniezno

2005-02-10T18:06:00.000-08:00

Town, Poznan województwo (province), west central Poland. Located on the Poznan–Torun rail line, Gniezno is a trade and food-processing centre. Legend attributes its origin to Lech, mythological founder of Poland, who supposedly made it his capital. Archaeological evidence indicates that a stronghold of the Polanie tribe existed there in the 8th century AD. In 1000 Gniezno became

Aerospace Industry, The advent of jets and missiles

2005-02-10T09:43:00.000-08:00

Jet power rendered piston-engine

Kilis

2005-02-09T15:06:00.000-08:00

Town, extreme southern Turkey. It lies near the Syrian border north of Aleppo, Syria, and is often identified with the ancient town of Kilisi mentioned in Assyrian records. It was occupied by France after World War I but was returned to Turkey in 1921. The country around Kilis is fertile, producing olives, grapes, and pistachio nuts. The town's major industries are silk and cotton

Kafue National Park

2005-02-09T00:53:00.000-08:00

Park, south-central Zambia. Established in 1950 and located about 200 miles (322 km) west of Lusaka, the park covers an area of 8,650 square miles (22,400 square km) and consists of a vast and gently undulating plateau, situated along the middle reaches of the Kafue River and its two tributaries, the Lufupa and the Lunga. The vegetation is lush and green, varying from mixed forest, thicket, woodland,

Pappus Of Alexandria

2005-02-08T02:46:00.000-08:00

The most important mathematical author writing in Greek during the later Roman Empire, known for his Synagoge (“Collection”), a voluminous account of the most important work done in ancient Greek mathematics. Other than that he was born at Alexandria in Egypt and that his career coincided with the first three decades of the 4th century AD, little is known about his life.

Nahcolite

2005-02-07T17:13:00.000-08:00

Colourless to white carbonate mineral (NaHCO3), a naturally occurring sodium bicarbonate. Its structure consists of planar chains of carbonate groups linked with hydrogen bonds; planes are linked together by sodium in six-fold coordination with oxygen. Nahcolite commonly forms by reaction of carbon dioxide with the mineral trona (q.v.) in evaporated lake basins.

Chac

2005-02-07T05:48:00.000-08:00

Like other major Mayan gods, Chac also appeared as four gods, the Chacs. The four gods were associated with the points of the compass and their colours: white, north; red, east; black, west; and yellow,

TallSheep

Cuba, Flag Of

Amphibolite Facies

Pacific Mountain System, Soils

Lancisi, Giovanni Maria

Rayleigh (of Terling Place), John William Strutt, 3rd Baron

Monaco, Flag Of

Ogoja

Anastatic Printing

Muravyov, Mikhail Nikolayevich, Graf

Middle America Trench

Mignet, François

Alkaptonuria

Wandjina Style

France, History Of, Liberation

United States, The Jeffersonian Republicans in power

Catalan Language

Obrecht, Jakob

Scandinavian Literature, Danish literature

Harrison, Caroline

Yui Shosetsu

Aldington, Richard

Theatricalism

Calendar Of 2000

Auch

Spain

Nagy, Imre

Liqueur

Lord Chief Justice

Smith, Seba

Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovitch

Chicago Literary Renaissance

Fischer Von Erlach, Johann Bernhard

Acuff, Roy

Allegheny

Chicago Literary Renaissance

Quadratic Equation

Loren, Sophia

Biblical Literature, The rise and fall of Saul

D'urban, Sir Benjamin

Biblical Literature, Oracles of hope

Dubois, (françois-clément-) Théodore

Acupuncture

Avempace

Vajiravudh

Yurt

Malanje

Cytology

Wabana

Moss

Marsh Cress

Anquetil-duperron, A(braham)-h(yacinthe)

Bagirmi, Kingdom Of

Baha'i Faith

Saiki

Animal Disease

Ash Wednesday

Automata Theory, Classification by semi-groups

Gate Theatre

Hou I

Bonaparte, Lucien

Hokuriku

Frederick Iii (or Ii)

Ramapithecus

Abdul-jabbar, Kareem

Carte, Richard D'oyly

Taboga Island

Affix

Bottle

Empiricism

Wage And Salary

Pietas

Ahlin, Lars

Syriac Alphabet

Incidental Music

France, History Of, Louis XVIII, 181524

Charles, Ray

Mayo, Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl Of, Viscount Mayo Of Monycrower, Baron Naas Of Naas

Annamese Cordillera

Allégret, Yves

France, History Of, Louis XVIII, 181524